Indoor and Outdoor Pollution: Assessment of PM2.5 in Yopougon (Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire)

摘要

Background: Biomass combustion is a major source of indoor air pollution. In Cote d'lvoire, 30.5 % of the population in the urban areas use biomass for cooking. Few studies have investigated indoor and outdoor air pollution in urban area in West Africa. The aim of this study was to determine indoor and outdoor pollutants concentrations in household in Yopougon (Cote d'lvoire). Methods: Indoor and outdoor air quality was investigated at two sites Andokoi and Lubrafrique in Yopougon. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristic and exposure history in 109 households (Andokoi, n = 65; Lubrafrique, n = 44). Assessment of indoor and outdoor air quality were done simultaneous during 48 hours in each household with Quest EVM-7 device. Statistic test Chi square and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the sites and association between independent variables with pollutants. Results: Average concentrations of indoor PM2.5 for Andokoi and Lubrafrique were respectively, 38 ± 21 μg/m3 and 116 ± 64 μg/m3. Also, average concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 for Andokoi and Lubrafrique were 108 ± 88 μg/m3 and 34 ± 21 μg/m3 respectively. Indoor and outdoor concentration of PM2.5 at Andokoi were higher than concentration of PM2.5 at Lubrafrique (p= 0.00). An association was found between both number of cooking times [6.70 (1.23 -36.57)], smoking [0.05 (0.00 - 0.93)] and concentration of indoor PM2.5. Concentration of outdoor PM2.5 were associated with the closeness of household to industrial area [9.43 (1.54 - 57.58)], method of smoking fish/meat [15.05 (2.15 - 105.32)], indoor PM2.5 [6.78 (1.14 - 40.01)] and ambient temperature [34.32 (3.03 - 388.22)]. Conclusions: Average concentration of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were often more than WHO guideline value for PM2.5 (25 μg/m3). We need to investigate the relationship between exposure to indoor household air pollution and respiratory diseases in the population.