State-of-the-art Comparison of Standards in Terms of Dominant Sea Ice Loads for Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures in the Baltic Sea

摘要

The paper is focused on a comparison of different design guidelines andstandards, with emphasize on the dominant sea ice loads for offshoresupport structures for wind turbines in the subarctic. The documentspublished by Germanischer Lloyd (GL), The International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC), Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and The InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO) are accounted for in the comparisonas the key standards and guidelines. The comparison is conductedon several layers of complexity. First, a general applicability of the examineddocuments to offshore wind turbines (OWT) is briefly studied.Then, an examination of the standards upon their coverage on the sea icetopic and interaction with various OWT support structures is presented.And finally, a proposal for an integrated set of design load cases, wherea interaction between various environmental conditions and an OWT, isgiven.