OPPORTUNITIES, SUPPORT AND CONSTRAINTS IN CONNECTION WITH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR SAFE NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION

摘要

The safety of nuclear power generation involves the activities of various parties, which can be divided into three groups belonging to certain 'infrastructures', i.e. the general infrastructure, the nuclear infrastructure and the operation infrastructure. The group belonging to the general infrastructure is interested not only in the safety of nuclear power generation but also in economy, security and other values of society. In recent years, the requirements of this group regarding the safety and quality of nuclear power have become more stringent. Therefore, operators of nuclear power plants (NPPs) are required to strengthen their questioning attitude regarding progress and transparency of their work. The nuclear infrastructure includes parties which are institutionally connected with nuclear power generation, provide technological resources and have an influence on the constraints to the operation of NPPs. They are expected to act as mediators beween the group belonging to the general infrastructure and the operators, using their technological and institutional knowledge as a catalyst. The operators of NPPs should seek co-operation with this group to organize and manage their technological and human resources. The group of people belonging to the operation infrastructure is responsible for maintaining the safety and economy of nuclear power. Plant operators should direct and control activities in accordance with their responsibility for enhancing and maintaining the safety and competitiveness of the plants, continuously strengthening the safety culture of workers in all activities, with peer evaluation, information exchange, periodic safety reviews, etc. The top management of the operating organization should clearly state its commitment to safety and quality on every occasion and facilitate the involvement of all people in the organization. At the same time, it should mitigate the sense of isolation of workers which may emerge owing to the stressful conditions at the plant, caused by the increasingly stringent safety and quality requirements, and establish a team spirit to maintain safe and competitive operation.