EXTRACTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES FROM BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

摘要

Various procedures that show potential in offering shorter extraction times with higher recoveries and low consumption of organic solvents are discussed. Solid phase extraction is attracting increasing attention for the isolation of pesticide residues from aqueous solutions and constitutes an alternative to liquid-liquid extraction. Microwave assisted extraction of stable pesticide residues from soil samples appears to be a viable alternative to conventional Soxhlet extraction. Thermal desorption involving high temperature distillation is an innovative method for efficiently extracting certain pesticides from soil, sediment and plant samples. Supercritical fluid extraction is emerging as a valuable technique for the isolation of pesticide residues from soil, plant and food samples, using supercritical fluids as the extraction media. It represents an excellent alternative to the potentially hazardous solvents currently used in conventional methods. The feasibility of employing water based systems for the extraction of certain pesticides from fruits and vegetables has also been investigated. A brief survey is given of these extraction procedures and a comparison made with the techniques widely used for the extraction of pesticide residues from biological and environmental samples.