SPECIFICITY OF EMF HYGIENIC NORMS FOR SHIPS AND MARINE INSTALLATION

摘要

Electromagnetic environment of vessels and other marine objects is unique. Endurance of ships requires high concentration of radio communication and radar facilities, electronic equipment, and power supply systems. This results in high degree of concentration of radiated electromagnetic energy. Spectrum of electromagnetic fields (EMF) comprises all frequency ranges: from electro- and magnetostatic fields to microwaves. Such situation has no industrial analogues. During the entire navigation period, the ship crew undergoes continuous twenty-four-hour EMF radiation whose impact on humans is synergetic (additive), and daugevous. The safely of the crew and passengers must be regulated by hygienic norms, which establish admissible EMF levels and expositions. But, in present time, there are no unified norms for static, extremely low frequency and radio frequency fields on ships. Obsolete EMF norms for antennas of navy ships are cancelled by SRN (Sanitary Regulations and Norms) -2.2.4/2.1.8.055-96, but retained for civil ships and mobile oil-drilling platforms. For all types of maritime objects, there are no regulations on reduction of natural geomagnetic fields inside ship hulls and superstructures. In order to provide safety of crew and passengers, it is necessary to develop hygienic regulations united in a single legislation act. In this act, the norms for electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation should be differentiated taking into account the Specificity of the ship environment and labor activity (i.e., separate norms for workplaces, habitable and public premises).