1. 15-20% B3B flexural strength gain by addition of 0.2 Vol% CNCs to cement 2. DOH of cement paste is improved with CNCs by 12-15% Lower yield observed. 3. Interesting "shell" observed around cement particles 4. Unlike other reinforcements (CNTs, CNF, macrofibers), fiber-bridging is not observed. 5. Unlike other cellulosics, IC is not observed. 6. Evidence points to two different mechanisms for this improvement: steric stabilization (similar to SP) and short circuit diffusion (latter is dominant).
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