GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ASPECTS RELATED TO ACEH'S TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE DISASTER AND THE NEED FOR ITS MITIGATION STRATEGY

摘要

Mega Sumatra earthquake and tsunami disaster has caused catastrophic damages to city of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, Indonesia. Results of reconnaissance survey and preliminary study of the building and infrastructure damages related to geotechnical engineering aspects are presented. Many building and infrastructure damages due to earthquake ground motions at both cities are caused by strong seismic motion causing soil liquefactions, lateral spreads, slope failures, and settlements. Whereas, soil erosion and foundation failures for most single to two-story buildings close to shorelines were due to high tsunami wave force. Preliminary microzonation and liquefaction occurrence maps based on the reconnaissance survey have been developed. Seismic back analysis of the Aceh's subduction seismic source as well as preliminary probabilistic seismic hazard analysis post-Aceh earthquake for city of Banda Aceh is presented. Liquefaction potential analysis based on estimated peak ground acceleration was conducted. Geotechnical and foundation engineering aspects related to infrastructure and residential housing damages due tsunami are presented. Some descriptive countermeasures related to geotechnical engineering aspects and mitigation strategies for rehabilitation and reconstruction are provided.