Metabolic Disorders in Laying Hens -Fatty Liver Syndrome and Skeletal Didoders

摘要

Modern strains of laying hens are capable of exceptionally high daily egg mass output in relation to their body size and feet intake. Commercial producers now routinely see 325 eggs in 365 days of production. While mortality is very low, there is always potential for metabolic imbalance related to balance of energy and calcium. For energy, the most common problem is an excess relatively to requirements while for calcium, the problem is a deficiency caused by high output as shells. This paper describes these two metabolic disorders as they appear in modern caged laying hens.