Most of object-oriented techniques adopt a bottom-up strategy for analysis and design, which make it difficult to identify objects and create apropriate links between object interfaces and system functions. Differently from objects, agents are autonomous and can control their behaviors by themselves and provide people a more concise way to understand and develop complex distributed system naturally. However, at the present stage, there lack scientific and rational methodologies for designing and implementing agent systems. Most of agent-oriented analysis and design methods are based on object-oriented technologies by extending or directly using object-oriented methods for the agent-oriented designs; whereas some literatures turn object-oriented technologies aside and purpose their own agent-oriented methods to construct agents on specific architectures.
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