Study on temperature, rainfall and runoff evolution of Jining city over half a century

摘要

Jining City is famous for being the birthplace of Confucian culture and for being rich in mineral resources. However, the amount of water available per person here is less than one-quarter of the average national level. Combining with mathematical statistical theory, the evolution of temperature, rainfall and runoff over half a century are analysed. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the feature of annual average temperature change in Jining City corresponds to temperature evolution rules of north China; (2) although the temperature is increasing, the rainfall trend has not changed significantly, and there is a phase difference between rainfall change and temperature change; and (3) the relationship between rainfall and runoff is seriously affected by more and more human activities in water affairs and land use.