In the simplest scenario of two coevolving populations in competition with each other, fitness progress is achieved at disadvantate of the other population's fitness. The everchanging fitness landscape caused by the competing species (named the "Red Queen effect") makes the system dynamics more complex, but it also provides a set of advantages with respect to single-population evolution. Here we presnet results from an experiment with two mobile robots, a predator equipped with vision and a much faster prey with fort in fitness design, a set of interesting behaviors emerged in relatively short time, such as obstacle avoidance, straight navigation, visual tracking, ojbect discrimination (robot vs. wall), object following, and others. Although such experiments cannot yet be performed in real-time on populations of robots for technical reasons, the approach seems promising.
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