Laser-rock-fluid interaction: application of free-electron laser (FEL) in petroleum well drilling and completions

摘要

Abstract: The results of the first year of a Gas ResearchInstitute funded research program to studylaser-rock-fluid interaction will be presented. Theoverall purpose of this research is to determine thefeasibility, costs, benefits, and the environmentalimpact of using laser technology to drill and completeoil and gas wells. When drilling and completingpetroleum wells, many rock types (sandstone, limestone,dolomite, granite, shale, salt, concrete) and fluids(fresh water, salt water, oil, hydrocarbon gas,drilling fluids) must be penetrated by the laser. TheFree-Electron Laser (FEL) technology is attractivebecause of the ability to tune the laser to differentwavelengths. Laser energy absorbed by rocks is relatedto the wavelength of the laser source. The mechanismsof rock destruction (spalling, melting andvaporization) are therefore a function of thewavelength. The ability to transmit laser energy overlong distances (up to 5000 m or 15,000 ft) is also afunction of wavelength. Results of tests conducted atthe U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army's high power laserfacilities are presented. The challenges ahead toadvance a fundamental change in the methods currentlyused to drill and complete petroleum wells arediscussed. !13