Methane,nitrous oxide and flu fluorinated orinated gases in the Greenhouse Air pollution Information and Ssimu imullation (GAINS) modelation

摘要

The GAINS model is an integrated assessment tool which simultaneously addresses greenhouse gas mitigation and air pollution control.To an existing modelling system (RAINS),modules for greenhouse gases were appended to quantify greenhouse gas emissions,control potentials and mitigation costs for 39 countries in Europe.The integrated model allowsfor asasses sesssmments of the integrated ef ents effec fects of control options affect ts affecting ing eemissions of seve missions several ral ccoommpounds.Such interactions are particularly important for pounds.N2O,where options directed at NO2,Noxabatement (e.g.,fluidized bed combustion,catalytic converters,non-catalytic reduction) andammonia abatement (deep injection of manure) generate N2O emissions.Also options directed at ammonia emissions from animal manure (stable adaptation) or at reducing NMVOC emissionsfrom agricultural waste burning,have synergistic effects on CH4 emissions.The influence of several control measures (including alternative refrigerants to reduce HFC) on energy use hasbeen noted,but the potential associated changes in COCO2 emissions have not been quantified atthis time.The results indicate that in 2020 a number of cheap options (less than 20 €/t CO2 CO2-eq)will exist to reduce emissions beyond what is required by the “current legislation” in Europe.Such options include the reduction of leakages from gas transmission or diversion of waste fromlandfills (for CH2-CH4) and reduced fertilizer application or catalytic reduction of N2O at nitric acidproduction (for N2O).