Regulatory Challenge – Prevention of Malicious Use of Radioactive Sources andRadiological Terrorism in Ukraine

摘要

Radioactive sources (RS) are widely used in Ukraine. To constrain with the associated radioactive sourcesrnrisks state regulatory system was created in Ukraine. Since the 1990s Ukrainian Regulatory Authority began to payrnespecial attention to combating illicit trafficking, safe management of vulnerable sources and to restoration controlrnover orphan sources. The main goal of these measures was to assure radiation protection – “to protect man from thernsource”.rnAfter terrorist attacks of September 2001 particular new regulatory challenge appeared on how to minimize potentialrnmalicious use of radioactive sources and radiological terrorism – “to protect source from the man”. The key issue ofrncountering terrorism and minimising potential malicious use of radioactive sources is prevention, though next steps -rndetection and mitigation, are also very important. It is a real regulatory challenge how to enhance regulatory systemrnto make it able to solve not only safety problems but also security ones.rnNational positive and negative experience of how to answer this regulatory challenge is presented. Such regulatoryrninstruments are considered as:rn- regulative requirements,rn- physical protection assessment and supervision for RS licensees,rn- RS accounting and control (national tracing Register),rn- vulnerable sources management,rn- gaining and regaining control over orphan RS.rnSome acute issues are discussed: triple “safety – security - sustainable RS use” balance, communication versusrninformation security, regulatory measures prioritisation.