ASSESSMENT OF WATER PROTECTION OPERATIONS TO MINIMIZE THE RISK FROM USING WATER FROM THE DNIEPER WATER SYSTEM AT VARIOUS STAGES AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

摘要

Analysis of the series of measures taken to minimize the consequences of contamination of water systems subjected to radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 could provide a unique opportunity for decision makers and others working in the contaminated areas to optimize methods of protecting surface water and ground-water. Most of the engineering and technical measures undertaken within the 30 km Chernobyl zone were concentrated on preventing secondary contamination of surface water and ground-water draining into the Pripyat river and the Kiev reservoir. However, implementation of these measures required vast financial and human resources. The lessons learned from the post-Chernobyl water protection operations therefore need to be carefully analysed. The paper summarizes the results of nine years' work to mitigate the consequences of radioactive contamination of water systems within the 30 km zone. The results show that the effectiveness of countermeasures to reduce the consequences of radioactive contamination of water systems depends not only on the correct use of technology but also on an appropriate strategy for assessing the results of efforts to reduce the potential radiation risk. In view of the present economic situation in Ukraine, schemes for mitigating environmental impact must achieve maximum risk reduction yet also be economically viable, otherwise financial resources could be wasted, leading to serious social problems.