LONG TERM EXPOSURE OF THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

摘要

Seventeen regions of Russia were contaminated after the Chernobyl accident in April 1986. Two and a half million persons live in areas contaminated with ~(137)Cs above 0.04 MBq/m~2 (1 Ci/km~2). The paper describes the main consequences of the long term exposure of this population. The influence of some natural, human and social factors on the forming of the external and internal doses of rural and urban populations has been studied in Bryansk and Tula, the most contaminated regions of Russia, during 1986-1994. Radioecologi-cal processes of migration of caesium and strontium nuclides in the biosphere are considered. A model of their intake into the human body has been developed and validated by large scale measurements of the human body content. Also, a model of external exposure of different population groups has been developed and confirmed by a series of individual external dose measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters. General dosimetric characteristics of the exposure of the population are given, together with some samples of accumulated external and internal effective doses of inhabitants of some settlements of the Bryansk and Tula regions in 1986-1994.