It has been wel documented that during the decade of the 1980s, significant reductions occurred in the magnitude of the alcohol-crash problem, not only in the United States but throughout the Western world (Strategic Highway Research Program, 1993). As the magnitude of the problem changed, so too changed our understanding of the complexion of the problem. Attention began to focus on those individuals who persisted in driving after consuming too much alcohol. A series of papers and reports outlined the existence of a relatively small group of offenders who were responsible for a disproportionately large number of serious alcohol-involved roadway crashes (Beirness et al., 1997; Blakey and Associates, 1993). The behavior of this group did not appear to be affected by the plethora of public information and deucations. Nor were they deterred by the threat of ever-increasing sanctions. They persisted in driving after consuming large quantities of alcohol-far too many crashed as a result.
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机译：众所周知，在1980年代的十年中，不仅在美国，而且在整个西方世界，酒精碰撞问题的严重程度都大大降低了（战略公路研究计划，1993年）。随着问题规模的变化，我们对问题肤色的理解也随之改变。人们开始将注意力集中在那些饮酒过量后坚持驾驶的人。一系列论文和报告概述了一个相对较小的犯罪者群体，这些犯罪者导致了不成比例的大量严重的酒精相关的道路交通事故（Beirness等，1997； Blakey and Associates，1993）。该群体的行为似乎并未受到过多的公共信息和欺骗的影响。他们也没有受到不断增加的制裁威胁的威慑。他们在消耗大量酒精后坚持驾驶，结果撞车事故太多。
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