We consider the problem of maintaining persistent lists subject to concatentation and to insertions and deletions at both ends. Updates to a persistent data structure are nondestructive-each operation produces a new list incorporating the change while keeping intact the list or lists to which it applies. Although general techniques exist for making data structures persistent, these techniques fail for structures that are subject to operations, such as catenation, that combine two or more versions. In this paper we develop a simple implementation of persistent double-ended queues with catentation that supports all deque operations in constant amortized time.
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