Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea

摘要

One new genus and five new species of the family Evaniidae are described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Spanish amber of Pefiacerrada-Ⅰ (Province of Burgos), San Just and Arroyo de la Pascueta (both in the Province of Teruel): Cretevania alonsoi sp. nov., C. montoyai sp. nov., C. alcalai sp. nov., C. rubusensis sp. nov., and Iberoevania roblesi gen. and sp. nov. Taxonomic changes include Cretevania pristina (Zhang and Zhang, 2000) comb. nov., C. exquisita (Zhang, Rasnitsyn, Wang and Zhang, 2007) comb. nov., C. vesca (Zhang, Rasnitsyn, Wang and Zhang, 2007) comb. nov., and C. cyrtocerca (Deans, 2004) comb. nov., as a result of the reinterpretation of the genera Procretevania and Eovernevania. The new well preserved specimens of the genus Cretevania, together with the characters shown by the type specimens of the synonymized genera, give new information about their anatomical characters of taxonomical importance, and the genus Cretevania Rasnitsyn, 1975 is re-diagnosed. The holotypes of the Russian species in amber have been revised. A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant groups of the superfamily Evanioidea is included. Cretevania had a wide palaeogeographic distribution, with the highest diversity known from Spain. The 13 known Cretevania species show a high interspecific variation mainly in wing characteristics, and a wide range of body and wing size.