Chloride Processes Applied for Different Raw Materials

摘要

Processes using chlorine-bearing reactants have been widely studied under different conditions on a variety of raw materials. A huge number of investigations and their subsequent publications can be found in the specialised literature. A selection of these works is presented in the literature review with emphasis on those aimed at metals recovery. The contribution of this paper then covers the most recent research regarding chloride metallurgy, carried out in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy of the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. The experimental work is presented in terms of (a) dry chlorination, (b) dry chlorination with chloride salt, (c) slurry chlorination with chlorine gas and (d) carbon tetrachloride chlorination. The results are then discussed for each studied raw material. Dry chlorination has been the most applied process, it was therefore investigated using oxide materials such as pyrochlore, anatase and slags. Chlorination with CaCl_2 has been tested on copper concentrate. Slurry chlorination of chalcocite and sphalerite has been found to be efficient for dissolving the value metals. Finally, the experiments with carbon tetrachloride were carried out with refractory metals oxides such as zirconium and tantalum. The discussions are made including the main features of the studied raw materials as well as the most relevant results related to kinetics, recovery and applications aspects of the investigated processes.