COMPETING USES OF BIOMASS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION

摘要

Studies highlight the potential importance of biomass as a low carbon source for different energy orrnmaterial options. In order to understand the possibilities of biomass use for climate mitigation its key uncertaintiesrnand possible feedbacks on the energy system have to be assessed. We use a recursive dynamic energy system modelrn(TIMER) in order to evaluate which biomass options are most competitive, how different uses lead to changesrnelsewhere in the energy system (i.e. due to leakage of fossil fuels), and what the optimal use in order to reducernemissions. Furthermore, we investigate how these results may be affected with increasing climate policy (carbon tax).rnIn the baseline approximately 18% of total secondary energy demand is projected to be supplied by bioenergy, usedrnprimarily in transport, buildings and chemicals. At high carbon taxes, bioenergy becomes more competitive forrnelectricity generation. We find that electricity generation is the most effective option for biomass (especially at highrncarbon taxes due to the increased application of carbon capture and storage) however its use there is limited due tornthe competition for biofuels in the transport sector.