Optimal allocation of black-start capability considering renewable energy penetration in AC-DC grid

摘要

The categories of black start resources (BSR) have been extended in the modern smart grid with the penetration of renewable energies. On one hand, the distributed renewable energy resources (RES) and storage facilities give birth to an new kinds of black-start resource (BSR): RES hybrid unit. On the other hand, the flexible HVDC link in modern smart grid can be a valuable BSR provider. Considering the novel kinds of BSR, the optimal allocation problem is addressed in this paper. Firstly, the optimal black-start capability of a grid is determined through pursuing the highest society utility. Secondly, the utility theory is utilized to determine the optimal capacity of different kinds of BSRs. Furthermore, the problem of BSR siting is dealt with by applying the conception of electrical betweenness. Case studies present the effectiveness of the proposed method by the modified IEEE-9 and IEEE-30 bus testing system.