Tools for managing the subsurface: An approach for smart cities

摘要

In urban areas the subsurface is utilized in many ways for various purposes. Integrated smart tools and data management is needed in order to synchronize different utilizations. These include monitoring, data transfer and storage, data processing (in particular: modelling), visualization and optimization. Integrating such tools is crucial for decision makers and good management of the subsurface. There is an overlap with smart water management in cities, in which groundwater has an important share on water supply.