Understanding Rejection of Pharmaceutical Residues, Disinfection By-Products,and Pesticides by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes

摘要

High-pressure membrane treatment such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) afterrnmicrofiltration (MF) pretreatment has become the industry standard for indirect potable reusernapplications. The growing interest in this technology is primarily driven by more stringentrnrequirements to remove unidentified and unregulated organic compounds. The fate of organicrnmicropollutants such as pesticides, disinfection by-products (DBPs), and pharmaceuticalrnresidues, however, is becoming an important concern during membrane applications leading tornpotable water reuse. The scope of this study was to identify the factors affecting membranesoluterninteractions and to develop a fundamental understanding to predict the rejection of tracernorganics in high-pressure membrane applications to examine solute-membrane interactions andrnrejection mechanisms for emerging organic trace pollutants in NF and RO membranes. Thisrnstudy reports on findings from bench- and pilot-scale experiments with verifications at full-scalernmembrane facilities.