Who Motivates Project Team Members in a Matrix, the Project Manager or the Functional Manager?

摘要

The objective of this research was to assess managerial influence on project team members in a matrix organization in terms of job satisfaction/dissatisfaction factors developed by Frederick Herzberg and validated by Herzberg and others in subsequent research. Historically, the literature presents the functional manager as responsible for meeting individual (work-related) needs of employees, but in a matrix, the employee has two managers and no pattern of control or influence over addressing needs has been identified for this structure. Literature suggests that project managers tend to control factors that cause job satisfaction (motivators), and functional managers tend to control factors that cause job dissatisfaction (hygienes, or maintenance factors). A survey was developed for this research that asks respondents directly who tends to control or influence each of 14 factors; it was then distributed to engineering/professional type matrix organizations. This paper documents the findings resulting from 222 usable survey responses from 18 organizations. These findings provide empirical evidence that project and functional managers tend to share control of motivator factors and functional managers tend to control hygienes.