Description of a method for construction of noise observatory concerning surface transports infrastructures on all the French territory

摘要

Noise French law is intended to limit noise due to new infrastructures, to protect new buildings near existing infrastructures. Moreover it deals with black spots noise non covered by preceding measurements. The problem thus consists in developing a census method of black spots noise and follow-up of their treatment. To determine black spots noise, to program and to follow acoustic processing, the adopted method proposes to create a noise observatory along roads of whole French territory. This observatory is based on the noise classification of surface transports infrastructures, which provides their distribution in five categories of noise emissions, established according to their geometrical characteristics and traffic. Black spots noise are listed graphically while crossing, strongly noise exposed areas, in day or night, according to acoustic propagation formulas using noise emissions of classification and sensitive built spaces (dwellings, schools, hospital). The common areas thus visualised correspond to black spots noise. The method is supplemented with a dedicated tool, made up of a geographical information system and a relational data base, where black spots noise are located on common geographical reference frame for France and associated each to descriptive information (exposed buildings and population, actions planed, actions carried out). This methodology is intended to be used to program actions plan for black spots noise on whole French territory. It must thus be simple to implement. It does not replace detailed operational studies, but allows to constitute on a large scale an observatory for the follow-up of national programmes of noise abatement.