Exploration and Production Operations - Waste Management A Comparative Overview: US and Indonesia Cases.

摘要

Waste management programs in Exploration and ProductionrnOperations (E&P) are discussed in this report. Regulatoryrnguidelines in Indonesia are briefly described and compared withrnthe guidelines in the U.S. Waste treatment and disposalrnpractices commonly used in the U.S. are also discussed.rnPertinent regulatory guidelines for the use of some of theserntechnologies in the U.S. are presented. This information wasrngathered to identify potential applications, based on thernexperiences in the U.S., for developing cost effective andrnenvironmentally sound E&P waste management strategies inrnIndonesia.rnWastes from E&P operations fall into four general categories :rn(a) produced water from production operations, (b) drilling,rncompletion, and workover wastes, (c) associated wastes, and (d)rnindustrial wastes. The largest volume waste generated by the oilrnindustry is produced water. In offshore operations, producedrnwater is treated to remove dispersed oil and is disposed ofrnoverboard in accordance with regulatory guidelines. In mostrnonshore operations, produced water is treated and injectedrneither for disposal or for waterflooding operations for secondaryrnoil recovery. Produced water treatment technologies are notrndiscussed in this report.rnIn Indonesia, most of the E&P wastes (e.g. drilling muds and oilyrnsludges), except treated produced water, are categorized asrnhazardous and toxic wastes (B3 wastes). In offshore operations,rntreated produced water meeting regulatory guidelines (oilrncontent < 50 ppm for new installations and 75 ppm for existingrnfacilities) can be discharged overboard.rnIn the U.S., the E&P wastes are exempt from Federal regulationrnas hazardous wastes under Resource Conservation andrnRecovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C. Only waste streams that arernunique to the industry qualify for exemption from Subtitle C.rnIndustrial wastes generated by the E&P industry ( such asrnsolvents, paint etc.) are not exempt from RCRA.