CRYSTALLINE BEAMS

摘要

Crystalline beam refers to a cluster of circulating, charged particles in its classical lowest-energy state subject to circumferentially varying guiding and focusing electro-magnetic forces and Coulomb interacting forces. We first use general relativity formalism to derive the Hamiltonian in the rotating beam rest frame, which is appropriate for the molecular dynamics analysis. Second, we outline the requirements of the ring operating condition to realize and sustain a crystalline beam. We then discuss beam heating caused by lattice modulation, and the requirements on beam cooling. Finally, we investigate the possibility of colliding crystalline beams for enhanced luminosity.