Way of Seeing in Traditional Korean Landscape Garden ——Focusing on Hahwe Gyeomam-Okyeonjeong

摘要

In traditional Korean garden, people like enjoyingconceptualizednatural landscapesrather than enjoyingarranged (designed)landscape elements.To enjoy the natural landscape Korean people created "nujeongwon(楼亭苑)" which is a typical Korean traditional garden and cultural landscape, which is a creatively conceptualized landscape around a "nujeong(楼亭)."This study introduces two traditional landscape concepts, "hycongseung (形 胜)" and "chwiseung (聚胜)" which are a way of seeing landscapes(景观)and are closely related to "nujeongwon."The hyeongseung means that beautiful landscape does not exist in the landscape itself from the beginning and it is created by human.The chwiseung means that from a nujeong man can get and enjoy all landscapes around, not only the beauty of landscape but also principle of nature behind.From the understanding the principle the viewer should cultivate oneself and extend to enlighten all other people.This concept of landscape is integrated into the gyeong(景), which is a conceptualized beautiful landscape from the chwiseung and is shared with community through 8 gyeongs(八景), 9 goks(九曲), byeolseodo(别墅图) etc.This study also analyzes the aesthetic principles of the nujeongwon focusing on "Gyeomam-Okyeonjeong 16 gyeongs" of Hahwe village where is one of the most traditional villages in Korea and listed in UNESCO World Heritage.This study explains that the gyeong is made complete by the combination and contrast of landscape elements and the time which introduces a fourth dimension.Nujeongwon is not only a passive place where one can admire the beauty of the landscape, but also an active one.People shares the beautiful landscapes from the nujeong with community through paintings such as byeolseodo (别墅 图) and poetic expressions such as gyeong (景), yeong (咏)-which express static appreciation of landscape, and gok(曲)—which express dynamic appreciation of landscape.