energy

摘要： Unification of fundamental forces is the dream of physics. Nevertheless, unfortunately gravitational force operators to be isolated in its geometrical content from other forces. This encourages some researchers to propose the so-called gravimagnetic field to unify gravity with other forces and to explain some cosmological problems at the early universe. This motivates to construct a new model to confirm the existence of gravitomagnetic and a corresponding magnetic field associated with any field. Using the formal Newton definition of force and considering the magnetic force to be related to the time varying mass, the magnetic force is shown to be equal to the centrifugal force. This equality is typical when treating a particle as string. Using also the definition of force in terms of potential and electric force only, energy is shown to be conserved. The Newton force can be defined also in terms of four-dimensional potential with the time varying part related to the magnetic potential. When the particle is treated as a string, energy conservation holds, while for ordinary particle, the Lagrangian is conserved. The energy conservation holds for special relativity also for energy per unit mass. The definition of acceleration for forces that obeys inverse square law shows also the magnetic force is equal to the centrifugal force.

摘要： MXenes,a family of two.dimensional(2D)transitin metal carbides,nindes,and canirdies dsoe in 2011 have been dveopdito versatile nanomateri rials with amyriad of ptential apications MXenes have a general formula of M_(n+1)X_(n)T_(x), where M denotes early transition heals,x is carton and/or ntogen,T_(x) rpesetss srftce funcionl Teminatins(F,-OH,-O,etc),and n=1,2,3,or 4.After copletie a 1oyar milestoe,MXenes have grown into 40 diverse cosis wit numbers stl coumting.The uigie pylsoceicial harereitis wuth as meaie codutvit,unable suft.

摘要： Electrocatalysis is essential in the conversion of chemicals to electrical energy.The search for high‐performance electrocatalysts is particularly important in the context of numerous renewable energy conversion and storage technologies,capable of addressing energy and environmental concerns.Electrocatalysis is used in advanced renewable energy conversion and storage technologies,such as carbon dioxide and water electrolyzers,fuel cells,metal‐air batteries,etc.For instance,the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)RR)is a green technology that can convert intermittent renewable energy sources(such as solar energy and wind energy)into fuels and valuable chemicals.Similarly,water electrocatalysis produces green and renewable fuel(hydrogen),which will not cause harm to environment.The recent decade has witnessed new ideas,materials。

摘要： In order to use the framework of general system theory(GST)to unify the three mechanics subjects of classical mechanics,quantum mechanics,and relativistic mechanics,a new general system theory(NGST)is developed based on a new ontology of ether and minds as the fundamental existences in the world.Based on this new ontology,many fundamental concepts have been detected to be ambiguously defined nowadays and particularly lack of ontological support.In our previous work,some of the fundamental concepts such as universe,world,time,space,matter,ether,mind,life,field,force have been redefined.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concepts of energy,heat,work,entropy,and information in our NGST.This is an important and necessary step in the development of the NGST.

摘要： We describe the design and x-ray emission properties(temporal,spatial,and spectral)of Dry Pinch I,a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London.Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device,30033003700 mm3 in size and∼50 kg in mass,that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments.Among key findings,the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1±0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV.The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10±4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current diagnostics.The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches-suggesting a spot size of 10±6μm in the soft energy region(1–10 keV)and 190±100μm in the hard energy region(>10 keV).These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available.At the same time,this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.

摘要： Zhangjiakou has become a demonstration area for renewable energy through technological innovation and applications in the hydrogen energy industry.AT an appointed moment during Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games opening ceremony at the National Stadium in Beijing on February 4, 2022,a special snowflake cauldron with an ignited Olympic torch was lifted up.Unlike previous Games, this torch was not using liquefied natural gas or propane as its source of fuel, but rather hydrogen energy.e torch achieved zero carbon emissions for the first time in the history of the Winter Olympics.

摘要： Urbanization,population growth,and the accelerating consumption of food,energy,and water(FEW)resources bring unprecedented challenges for economic,environmental,and social(EES)sustainability.It is imperative to understand the potential impacts of FEW systems on the realization of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as the world transitions from natural ecosystems to managed ecosystems at an accelerating rate.A major obstacle is the complexity and emergent behavior of FEW systems and associated networks,for which no single discipline can generate a holistic understanding or meaningful projections.We propose a research enterprise framework for promoting transdisciplinarity and top-down quantification of the interrelationships between FEW and EES systems.Relevant enterprise efforts would emphasize increasing FEW resource accessibility by improving coordinated interplays across sectors and scales,expanding and diversifying supply-chain networks,and innovating technologies for efficient resource utilization.This framework can guide the development of strategic solutions for diminishing the competition among FEW-consuming sectors in a region or country,and for minimizing existing inequalities in FEW availability when a sustainable development agenda is implemented.

摘要： Tagelus adansonii has served as man’s food around the world from time immemorial.However,the aquatic ecosystem in which they live is constantly polluted.Microbial and proximate compositions and energy value of T.adansonii were evaluated as indices for food safety and biomarker of pollution.Standard microbiological techniques and standard methods of AOAC were employed.Results showed that Bacillus substilis,Micrococcus species,Proteus species,Klebsiella species,Staphylococcus aureus,Vibrio cholerea,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Enterobacter sp,Escherichia coli,Bacillus cereus,and Chromatium species were the probable bacteria while Rhizopus stolonifer,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium species.Candida tropicalis,Fusarium species and Aspergillus flavus were the probable fungi isolated from the sample.Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count(THBC),TVC,TCC,TSC and TFC in fresh sample were 2.01±0.14×10^(5),2.77±0.27×10,2.79±0.81×10,6.08±0.21×10^(2),and 2.08±0.21×10^(4) cfu g^(-1) respectively and concentrated mostly in the gut.The mean crude protein,moisture,carbohydrate,ash,lipid and crude fibre contents of the soft tissues were 60.92±2.38,40.75±1.85,26.58±2.91,5.99±0.43,5.56±0.51 and 4.13±0.10%respectively,while the energy or caloric value was 397.65±11.97.Proper monitoring and surveillance should be adopted by Government to check pollution of the aquatic environments and proper processing should be adopted before consumption for good public health.

摘要： Based on ERA5 reanalysis data, the characteristics of weather situation, water vapor condition, dynamic uplift condition, energy condition, ice accumulation environment and flight effect of aircraft in the heavy snowfall process in northeast China from November 5 to 12, 2021 are analyzed. The results show that the heavy snowfall process in Northeast China is caused by the combination of Northeast China Cold Vortex, trough, low level frontal cyclone and cold front. Through the analysis of the physical field, it is found that the sufficient water vapor transport is from the south and the southeast, the convergence rising in the lower layer, divergence “pumping” in the upper layer, air flow rising in the vertical plane and a large amount of convection effective potential energy are all contributing to the heavy snowfall. The impact of heavy snowfall on flight mainly includes low visibility and ice accumulation. Water vapor flux, water vapor flux divergence, vertical velocity, potential temperature and convective effective potential energy can all be used as the judging indexes of heavy snowfall forecast.

摘要： In order to implement the national“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”strategy,China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)put forward the three-step overall deployment of “Clean substitution,Strategic replacement and Green transformation”,and committed to build five smart energy supply platforms of“oil,gas,heat,electricity and hydrogen”,promoting the integrated development of the industrial chain.

摘要： Atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)has been employed for the synthesis of a novel fluorinated amphiphlic triblock copolymer PEG-b-PS-b-PFHEM for anti-fouling coatings.The macroinitiator based on poly(ethylene oxide)monomethyl ether was used to prepare an amphiphilic diblock copolymer PEG-b-PSt,which was then utilized to initiate the ATRP of fluorinated monomer perfluorohexylethyl acrylate (FHEA),resulting in an amphiphilic tribloek copolymer.These copolymers were characterized by means of 1H NMR and GPC.The arnphiphilie triblock copolymer surface composes of fluorinated and PEGylated blocks,and the fluorinated surface has critical surface energy,while the PEGylated surface is expected to have a relatively low inteffacial energy when in contact with water.Microphase-separation of both blocks could take place and result in the reduction of protein adsorption and cell adhesion.The amphiphilic fluoropolymer has the potential application as excellent antifouling coatings and antifouling membranes.

摘要： 本实用新型涉及ZigBee Smart Energy数传模块。本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种ZigBee Smart Energy数传模块，以解决不同厂家的无线模块在网络层不能互联互通的问题。解决该问题的技术方案是：ZigBee Smart Energy数传模块，包括用于网络层互联互通以实现与电能表进行通讯的无线通讯模块、用于将发送和接收的信号进行放大的信号放大模块、用于发送和接收信号的天线，以及用于向无线通讯模块和信号放大模块供电的电源模块；无线通讯模块通过输入输出口与信号放大模块相连，信号放大模块通过天线接口与天线连接。本实用新型用于智能能源的网络建立、管理和电能表的数据抄读。