西方思想史

摘要： 2600多年前,古希腊诞生了西方思想史上被称作“人类科学与哲学之祖”的哲人泰勒斯,也是历史上一位曾被普通人嘲笑的伟大思想家。那是一个满天星斗的夜晚,泰勒斯走在旷野之间,他夜观乾象,预言第二天准会下雨。可就在他踌躇满志仰望星空的时候,却没有留意脚下的泥坑,一个®E掉了逬去。面对把自己壯来的好心人,泰勒斯依然只顾着说:相信我,明天准会下雨!

摘要： “身体”的发现:庄子的身体观及身体技术的价值区分。1.庄子对“身体”的发现及其意义西方思想史中一直存在将人自身分为意识与身体两个对立部分的传统。直到在尼采那里,身体才被发现而成为人的决定性基础。在中国思想史上身体的发现显然要早得多。这要归功于庄子对身体突破性的.富有启发意义的阐述。在先秦思想家中,庄子最早发现了身体并使其成为个体存在的显现。

摘要： 一直以来,“自由”都是中国思想界的热门词汇,中国学界关于“自由”的探讨也相当繁杂。自由主义者认为自己秉承的立场和观点才是纯粹“自由”的,而儒家学派谈论自由时,或挖掘中国传统文化中的“自由”因素,或参照西方的“自由”观念,更新或补充儒家的“自由”概念,逐渐形成“自由儒学”这一新秀分支。但不可否认的是,“自由”这个词的现代性根源在西方,对中国传统文化来说,它是一个舶来品。哲学探讨讲究的是溯本追源,那么,“自由”这个词在近现代西方思想史中到底是什么样子?呈现出怎样的发展脉络?

摘要： 俗语"知人知面不知心""人心隔肚皮"意在形容人心难测。识别人心,在东西方历史文化中一直是最神秘也最具魅力的话题。对人心的探索,本质上是对人自身奥秘的求解。"知人者智,自知者明",明心见性,一直是中国传统思想的重要内核。而从"认识你自己"到"我思,故我在","认识"/"思"也在西方思想史上占据重要地位。

摘要： 分配正义是当前西方政治哲学论辩的焦点之一,从亚里士多德所开创的分配正义传统到罗尔斯视域中的分配正义,其内涵发生了重大变化。审视分配正义的古今之变,其中最为重要的一点就是分配正义开始与财产权相关联,以德性为根基的分配正义让位于以规则为核心的分配正义。将分配正义的概念置于西方思想史的总体境遇中,连接分配正义与财产权的关键纽带就是苏格兰启蒙运动。思想史上,苏格兰启蒙思想家最早对现代产权理论进行了系统阐发,其中最为重要的两位思想家,大卫·休谟和亚当·斯密通过将分配正义与财产权相联系,在对传统分配正义德性原则深刻反省的基础上,基于现代社会产权理论,侧重从规则的向度重构了现代分配正义的理论语境,为当代分配正义理论提供了重要的思想资源。

摘要： 马克思的财产权批判理论有强大的西方思想史传统,自由主义、激进主义和保守主义都.属于这一传统的构成部分,可把其称为理性启蒙主义的传统。但马克思财产权批判理论又超越了该传统。

摘要： 在西方思想史上,“公民”形象经历了深刻的变迁。在从柏拉图到卢梭的一元模式的公民社会中,公民是履行公共职责和享有政治自由的政治公民。在洛克市民社会与国家分离的二元模式的公民社会中,公民是追求财富和享有个人权利的有产市民。而在托克维尔的市场、国家和社会三元模式的公民社会中,公民则是积极公民和消极市民的混合体。托氏以公民社团弥补代议制政体的参与匮缺的共和自由理想,融合自由主义与共和主义两种公民遗产,而寻求在现代自由民主社会中复兴共和主义公民理想。他试图在现代自由民主秩序中重建公民社会,在社团生活而非政治过程中复兴公民传统。因而在托氏的公民图景中,现代民主社会的公民既不同于管理城邦公共事务的古代“政治公民”,也有别于追求财富和享乐的现代“布尔乔亚”,而是一种在社团中献身公益事务的新型“社会公民”。然而,社会团体能否超越市民社会之庸俗性而成为古希腊式道德公民共同体的替代物,“第三部门”能否成为文明综合的“第三道路”,仍然是一个问题。

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： Not long ago,a production company in the People's Republic of China released a biography ofrnConfucius.For reasons not difficult to discern,the film spent most of its time covering the thing Confucius most likely did least,namely serving as a political minister,and the least amount ofrnits time portraying the thing he likely did most,namely serving as a teacher.I do not say this as criticism.instructors can be trained to think of education as a transformation and disciplining of energy, and the instructor must know when it is appropriate to deploy this energy, and whenrnthe student is not ready.instructors can be trained to prevent students from thinking in "either-or" terms，and teach them to relate define key concepts in terms of degrees.instructors can berntaught to question their motivations more candidly and honestly than they might otherwise do.rnThis will help they become more aware of how the students experience the teacher, and help themrnrealize more directly when they only think they are doing things to help the students，but arernactually doing things to feed their own vanity.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种史氏鲟性别差异性分子标记及检测史氏鲟性别的方法，核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示，所述SEQ ID NO.1所示的DNA序列采用PCR引物检测，根据PCR检测结果鉴定鲟鱼的性别，PCR引物的正向引物为F：5’‑CACACTGATGCTCTACATGT‑3’和反向引物R：5’‑AGGCTGGACAGTGATGCTGT‑3’，分别如SEQ ID NO.2和SEQ ID NO.3所示。本发明提供了用于检测史氏鲟性别的核酸片段以及用于检测与史氏鲟相关的分子标记的PCR引物，该分子标记不受史氏鲟的年龄限制，准确可靠，操作方便，在生产方面具有重要的应用价值。

摘要： 一种可对比中西方健美操差异的教学装置，包括底板，底板底面活动安装数个滚轮，底板顶面四角均分别固定安装竖向的升降杆，四根升降杆的活动杆顶端之间通过箱体固定连接，四根升降杆的活动杆均分别位于箱体的底面四角，箱体顶面内壁活动安装两组链轮组，每组链轮组由两个第一链轮和一条第一链条组成，两组链轮组以箱体的纵向中心轴线对称分布，每组链轮组中的两个第一链轮之间通过一条第一链条活动连接。通过本发明可以通过图画观看、书写内容对比中西方健美操的差异，使学生了解更为清楚，并且在户外教学时，也便于悬挂图画，同时通过图画与文字的结合可以了解的更为清晰，扩宽学生的知识面。

摘要： 本发明提供一种可对比中西方健美操差异的训练装置，包括升降舞台，设置在升降舞台前端的主摄像机一和主摄像机二，以及设置有主摄像机一、主摄像机二、副摄像机左及副摄像机右，将定位坐标实时与分隔提取的训练者体态数据按照帧图像进行组合，形成组合帧数据，将组合帧数据输送至全息影像装置内，所述全息影像装置按照组合帧数据生成全息帧序列数据，并映射定位坐标与全息帧序列数据的对应关系，将全息帧序列数据以及定位坐标与全息帧序列数据的对应关系输入至3D渲染软件，渲染完毕后形成全息影像源，将全息影像源与参照H参数按照帧同步处理，然后投影到左显示屏或右显示屏。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种中国地方猪中与体长相关的西方猪血缘渗入位点SNP标记及应用。所述标记为下列突变中的至少一种：国际猪基因组11.1版本参考序列猪12号染色体第2096738位碱基（rs81439116）处，由A到G的点突变，第2129234位碱基（rs81439242）处，由C到T的点突变，第2145858位碱基（rs81439307），由T到C的点突变。本发明所述提供SNPs标记均是由西方猪血缘渗入中国地方猪中，且均与体长极显著关联(P<0.01)，可用于中国地方猪体长分子标记辅助选择育种，可以更有效的加快选育速度、提高选育准确度，具有重要的经济效益与社会价值。

摘要： 本发明农药化学技术领域，公开一种美国西方玉米根虫性信息素的合成方法，其是将手性砜类化合物(S)‑2‑甲基丁基噻唑砜、(R)‑2‑甲基丁基噻唑砜分别与手性醛类化合物(S)‑6‑醛基己‑2‑醇丙酸酯、(R)‑6‑醛基己‑2‑醇丙酸酯进行Julia‑Kocienski偶联反应，所述偶联反应产物的双键经氢化还原，即得所述美国西方玉米根虫性信息素。此外，本发明所述美国西方玉米根虫性信息素应用于玉米根虫的防治。本发明简化了美国西方玉米根虫性信息素的合成路线，反应副产物较少，反应收率得到较大提高。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种节能西方哲学史演变流程仪，包括电控箱模块、投影仪主体和PC控制器，所述电控箱模块侧边设置有接线柱，所述电控箱模块下方安装有投影控制芯片，所述投影控制芯片侧边设置有储存卡对接器，所述投影控制芯片通过信号放大器与信号接收器相连接，所述投影控制芯片与所述投影仪主体相连接，所述投影仪主体底部设置有播放器，所述投影仪主体与投影镜头相连接。有益效果在于：本发明可以远程控制操作投影工作，在讲述到西方哲学史演变流程关键节点，需要长时间讲解时，可以将投影设备进入休眠状态，切换为人工板书讲解，从而起到节能的效果，同时整合了声音放大、遥控作业、实时信息输入的功能，可以为教师提供全方位的教学辅助。

摘要： 本发明属于图像分类技术领域，针对传统图像分类方法存在的问题，公开了一种基于整体嵌套边缘检测的中西方绘画图像分类方法。具体为：将绘画图像输入整体嵌套边缘特征提取网络模型中，取第一个分支的输出内容作为绘画图像的边缘特征图；然后搭建中西方绘画图像分类网络模型，模型包括两个分支输入，一个为图像的边缘特征图，另一个为绘画图像原图，两个分支网络均采用单通道卷积网络，在倒数第三个全连接层处将两个分支网络的信息合并，经由最后的全连接层得到绘画图像分类结果。该方法不仅能够更加全面地提取中西方绘画图像的特征，很好的保留绘画图像的颜色和纹理特征，又能有效提高整个绘画分类系统的运算效率，从而得到较为准确的分类结果。

摘要： 本发明属于图像处理与分析技术领域，一种基于笔触特征和颜色特征的西方绘画风格分类方法，解决西方绘画图像风格的自动分类。具体为：采用边缘检测、形态学操作方法提取绘画图像的笔触特征，保留对绘画风格分类最重要的组成部分。将提取的笔触特征图像输入到卷积神经网络中进行笔触特征的优化，选取对风格分类影响较大的笔触特征。将绘画图像由RGB颜色空间转换成HSV模型，执行K均值聚类方法(K＝20)，形成了20聚类中心，按照K均值聚类法的中心点统计的像素个数，降序选取前6的主色调作为颜色特征。最后，将笔触特征和颜色特征归一化并作为图像的两个通道输入到支持向量机(SVM)分类器，实现西方绘画风格的自动分类。

摘要： 本实用新型涉及教具技术领域，且公开了大学西方音乐史教学用趣味性教学组合卡片教具，包括箱体，所述箱体底部的左右两侧均固定安装有支撑脚，所述箱体内腔的左侧壁固定安装有轴承，轴承的内部固定安装有一端贯穿并延伸至箱体外侧的传动杆，传动杆的右侧固定安装有转杆，所述传动杆外表面的左右两端均固定安装有齿轮，齿轮的背面啮合有一端贯穿并延伸至箱体外部的齿轮杆，齿轮杆的顶部固定安装有一端贯穿并延伸至箱体外部的固定架。该大学西方音乐史教学用趣味性教学组合卡片教具，整体结构简单，既能够一次放置多张趣味卡片教具进行教学工作，也可能进行问题和答案的对照学习，从而增强学习记忆力，实用性强。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种铝制太阳能支架悬挂式东西方向的调节装置，包括固定板，所述固定板的底部活动设置有调节组件，所述调节组件的两侧皆固定安装有限位块，所述调节组件的底部活动安装有安装组件，所述安装组件的底部固定安装有安装框，所述安装框的内部活动安装有太阳能电池板，所述太阳能电池板的两端活动安装有旋转组件。本实用新型通过在固定板的底部活动设置有调节组件，通过旋转螺纹杆，带动螺纹杆从固定槽内脱离，同时旋转转柱，转柱旋转带动安装框旋转，安装框旋转带动太阳能电池板旋转，从而实现东西方向的的调节，通过环形滑槽和环形滑块相互配合，实现转柱可以水平方向进行旋转，从而带动太阳能板进行东西方向的调节。