A Correctly Weighted Least Squares Adjustment: Part 3, Estimating Standard Errors in Angular Observations

摘要

IN THE PREVIOUS ARTICLES (January and February 2016) I discuss the unreliability of standard deviations when they are computed from a small sample of observations, as well as how to estimate errors in centering an instrument over a well-defined point and how to estimate the standard error for electronically measured distances. Here I look at the more complicated problem of estimating standard errors in angular observations.