摘要:N ature w ind characteristics consist of averaged and fluctuating w ind characteristics. T aking natural w ind as constant flow m ay cause a larger error or even utterly w rong conclusions. W ith the change of tim e and space, natural w ind m ainly studied by field m easurem ent and statistical analysis appeared to have a strong nonlinear random feature. Since field m easurem entis one ofthe im portantw ays to analyze naturalw ind characteristics,the w orking principle and application scope of general instrum ents for m easuring w ind velocity, such as hot-w ire anem om eter, im peller anem om eter,Pitottube anem om eter,laser D oppler anem om eter,ultrasonic anem om eter,w ere introduced in this paper. A lso,research on w ind m easurem entand analysis athom e and abroad is sum m arized,and the follow ing conclusions are obtained:U ltrasonic anem om eter and sm all w eather station are w idely used for collecting data of nature w ind characteristics. D atabase of w ind characteristics, w ind speed and direction m odel, em pirical form ula are obtained according to the actualcharacteristics ofturbulentw ind based on statisticalanalysis.%自然风特性包括平均风特性和波动风特性。把自然风看做恒定气流会造成较大的误差,有时甚至会得出完全错误的结论。波动风随时间和空间呈现出强烈的非线性的随机特性,目前主要通过实测和统计分析进行研究。实测是分析自然风特性的重要方法。本文介绍了风速测试中常用仪器的工作原理和适用范围,包括热线风速仪、叶轮风速仪、毕托管风速仪、激光多普勒风速仪和超声波风速仪等设备。本文还归纳了国内外相关自然风的测试研究,从测试综述可知:研究者们多采用超声波风速仪和小型气象站等进行实测,采集到各种时间尺度的风特性数据,进行统计分析得出脉动风的实际特性,从而建立风特性数据库、风速风向模型,经验公式等。