兽骨明胶的新提取工艺研究

摘要

The improvement of the traditional gelatin extraction process can help to improve the production efficiency.We used animal bones to extract gelatin by ultrasonic technique.Based on the single factor experiments,the influence of the hydrochloric acid concen-tration,ultrasonic power,pickling time,ratio of liquid to materials for removing minerals was determined.The bone was desalted with HCl on the best conditions as follows:HCl concentration,3%;ultrasonic power,1000 W;pickling time 3 d,the weight of bone:the weight of HCl 1:10.The best condition for the gelatin extraction yield was determined as follows:alkali soaking time,6 d;ultrasonic power,1000 W;water extraction pH 5;the weight of bone :the weight of water,3:10.The gelatin extraction yield was 14.52%un-der the best condition.The distribution of gelatin molecules was measured by SDS-PAGE,while the relative content mass was measured by BCA method.The SDS-PAGE results showed that distribution of gelatin molecules was within a range from 20.0 to 94.4 ku.The protein extraction rate was higher at 60℃.%对传统明胶提取工艺进行改造有助于提高生产效率.以破碎后的兽骨骨粒为原料,利用超声波辅助技术提取明胶,对提取的明胶性质进行表征.通过单因素试验探讨了盐酸浓度、超声功率、浸泡时间、浸酸料液比对原料矿物质去除的影响,确定去除矿物质的条件为:盐酸浓度为3%,超声功率为1000 W,浸酸料液质量比为1:10,浸酸时间为3 d.在随后的浸碱操作中,研究了浸碱时间、超声功率、水提pH、水提料液比对明胶提取率的影响.最终优化明胶提取条件为:浸碱时间6 d,超声功率为1000 W,水提pH 5,水提料液质量比为3:10.在最佳浸碱和提胶条件下,明胶的提取率达14.52%.以SDS-PAGE电泳和BCA法作为检测手段检测明胶分子相对分子质量和提取率.最终结果表明:明胶的分子质量主要分布在20.0~94.4 ku之间,在60℃下蛋白提取率较高.