摘要：
目的 探讨新生儿肠闭锁的部位、类型及影响各型肠闭锁病死率的因素.方法 回顾性分析本院2013年1月至2016年3月收治的先天性肠闭锁患儿病例资料,包括性别、胎龄、胎次、产前发现与否、分娩方式、入院日龄、手术方式及术中所见、合并畸形、并发症及预后等,并进行统计学分析.结果 共纳入147例患儿,男69例,女78例;早产儿40例,足月儿107例,双胎3例;入院日龄1 h～62d;产前发现32例.因合并21三体综合征术前放弃2例;145例患儿术后证实闭锁部位为回肠67例(46.2％)、空肠43例(29.7％)、十二指肠26例(17.9％)、结肠9例(6.2％),病理分型依次为Ⅰ型42例(29.0％)、Ⅱ型8例(5.5％)、Ⅲa型65例(44.8％)、Ⅲb型15例(10.3％)、Ⅳ型15例(10.3％).因病情重放弃治疗死亡22例(14.9％),其中7例因短肠综合征及胎粪性腹膜炎术中放弃治疗,6例因术后慢性功能性肠梗阻放弃治疗,5例出现吻合口瘘需再次手术放弃治疗,1例术后发生小肠结肠炎放弃治疗,1例出现吻合口瘘造瘘后全身重度感染放弃治疗,2例因合并21三体综合征术前放弃治疗.结论 新生儿肠闭锁需根据闭锁部位及病理类型确定手术方案,合并短肠综合征、发生功能性肠梗阻和吻合口瘘是影响治疗及预后的重要因素.%Objective To summarize the pathology of congenital intestinal atresia,the incidence and prenatal diagnosis rate of different types,and to analyze the location and type of intestinal atresia as well as the factors that affect the mortality of various types of intestinal atresia.Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 147 children with congenital intestinal atresia from January 2013 to March 2016,including gender,gestational age,parity,prenatal diagnosis or not,delivery methods,hospital admission,surgical methods,findings during surgery,combined malformations,complications and prognosis.They were analyzed statistically.Result A total of 147 cases,including 69 males and 78 females were enrolled.There were 40 premature infants and 107 full term cases.Twins were found in 3 cases.Hospital admission age range from 1 hour to 62 days;admission weight range from 1 480 g to 4 200 g;32 cases were diagnosed before birth.2 cases were abandoned before surgery because of trisomy 21.Postoperatively,the occlusion sites was confirmed as following:67 cases (46.2％) in ileum,43 cases (29.7％) in jejunum,26 cases (17.9％) in duodenum,and 9 cases (6.2％) in colon.The pathological types were as following:type Ⅰ 42 cases (29.0％),type Ⅱ 8 cases (5.5％),type Ⅲa 65 cases (44.8％),type Ⅲb 15 cases (10.3％) and type Ⅳ 15 cases (10.3％).22 cases (14.9％) were died because of refusal of treatment:7 cases were due to short bowel syndrome and meconium peritonitis,6 cases were due to postoperative chronic pseudo-obstruction,and 5 cases had anastomotic leakage requiring reoperation.1 case had postoperative enterocolitis and gave up treatment,1 case had anastomotic leak and sever systemic post-surgery infection and gave up further treatment,and 2 cases gave up because of 21-trisomy syndrome.Conclusion The operation plan of intestinal atresia should be based on the location and type of the blockade;the location and complications of the blockade (pseudo-obstruction,short bowel syndrome,and anastomotic leakage) are important factors affecting the treatment and prognosis.
