4f hybridization and band dispersion in gadolinium thin films and compounds

摘要

There. is interplay between intra-atomic orbital hybridizationand extra-atomic hybridization in various gadolinium systems,which affects magnetic coupling and electron itinerancy (10-caZatioa.), The results do not always follow expectation. Theexperiniefital band stnicture of thin Gd(0001) films, grown onthe Mb(112) surface, along the r— M does not agree with ex-pectations even qualitatively. In particular, the dispersion of thegadolinium band, with strong 5d weight near 2 eV binding en-ergy provides considerable evidence to support the case for 4f-5d hybridization, with increasing 5d localization. On the otherhand, there is also evidence of extra-atomic Gd 4f hybridizationleading band dispersion in the occupied 4f levels in Gd203.