The history of Current Algebra is reviewed up to the appear-ance of the Adler-Weisberger sum rule. Particular emphasis is given to the role of current algebra in the historical struggle in strong interaction physics of elementary particles between field theory and the S-matrix approach based on dispersion relations. The question as to whether some particles are truly fundamental or all hadrons are bound or res-onant states of one another played an important role in this struggle and is thus also regarded.
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