羊肉与鸭肉的分子生物学鉴别技术

摘要

本研究建立羊肉与鸭肉的分子生物学鉴别方法,以羊肉和鸭肉线粒体细胞色素b基因(cytb)为特征靶基因,设计1 条通用上游引物F和2 条特异性下游引物:R羊、R鸭,并按照一定浓度比例组成混合引物,进行一次聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增即可获得目的DNA片段,根据琼脂糖凝胶电泳的DNA条带大小来判断羊肉中是否掺杂鸭肉.结果表明:当被检样本在367 bp和480 bp处分别出现特异性条带时,说明该样本的羊肉中掺杂了鸭肉;当被检样本在367 bp处出现特异性条带,而在480 bp处未出现特异性条带时,则说明该样本的羊肉中没有掺杂鸭肉.该方法准确、可靠、简单快捷,可用于食品中肉类种属的筛选和肉类掺假的检测和监管.%This study has established a molecular biological method for the identification of mutton adulterated with duck meat.Based on the target genes,namely the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene(cytb)sequences of mutton and duck,we designed one universal forward primer (F) and two specific reverse primers (Rmuttonand Rduck) and mixed them in a certain proportion. The target DNA fragments were obtained by one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. By the sizes of the DNA bands in the agarose gel, we judged whether the mutton was adulterated with duck. Results indicated that duck adulteration in the tested samples could be confirmed by the appearance of specific bands at both 367 and 480 bp. On the other hand, the appearance of specific bands at 367 bp but not at 480 bp could not confirm mutton adulteration with duck. The proposed method in this study was accurate, reliable, simple, quick and useful for meat species screening and the detection and supervision of adulterated meat.