上海和重庆两地区人乳中脂肪酸成份的研究

摘要

Objective Since there are significant variation of tbe dietary structure recent years in China it is necessary to re-investigate the fatty acid composition of human breast milk for the presentation of the latest data of fatty acid composition in China. Methods Using a gas chromatography GC-2010, the composition of fatty aeids was detected in the human colostrums and the mature breast milk (consecutively from postnatal day 1 to day 7 and from postnatal day 42) obtained from 62 healthy postpartum women in Shanghai and Chongqing, two big cities of China,from Jan to July, 2008. Results The level of total fatty acid (TFA) tended to increase significantly from the colostrums to tbe mature breast milk. No significant difference in the level of TFA was found between two cities. The significantly bigher monounsaturates (MUFA) level (44.06％ vs. 33.85％, P ＜ 0.01) and lower linoleic acid (LA,C18: 2n-6) level (18.43％ vs. 27.62％, P ＜ 0.01) of the mature breast milk were observed in Chongqing women compared with those in Shanghai women. The docosahexenoic acid (DHA) level of the mature hreast milk in Shanghai women was significantly higher than that in Chongqing women (0.41％ vs. 0.29％, P < 0.01). There was no significant diference in the level of arachidonic acid (AA, C20 : 4n-6) between two cities. Conclusions The fatty acid composition in human breast milk tends to vary with the extension of the lactation. There is significant difference in the fatty acid compositions in human breast milk between Shanghai and Chongqing owing to different dietary habits in the different regions of China.%目的 近年来我国居民的饮食结构有了较大的变化,因此有必要对中国人乳中的脂肪酸成份再次进行分析测定,以提供我国人乳中脂肪酸成份的最新数据.方法 在中国东部的上海市区和西部的重庆市区选择62例健康产妇.连续采集每位产妇产后1 ～ 7 d的初乳和42 d的成熟乳.采用日本岛津公司的GC-2010气相色谱仪对人乳中的脂肪酸进行分析测定.结果 人乳中总脂肪酸的含量从初乳至成熟乳逐渐增加,两地人乳中的总脂肪酸含量差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).重庆市成熟人乳中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的百分含量(44.06%)显著高于上海市(33.85%)(P ＜ 0.01).重庆市成熟人乳中亚油酸(LA,C18 : 2)的含量(18.43%)显著低于上海市(27.62%)(P ＜ 0.01);花生四烯酸(AA,C20 : 4)在两个地区的成熟人乳中差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).上海市成熟人乳中DHA(0.41%)显著高于重庆市(0.29%)(P ＜ 0.01).结论 随着哺乳期的延长,人乳中的脂肪酸含量会有较大变化.重庆和上海由于地域和饮食习惯的不同,人乳中的脂肪酸成份也有较大的差别.