目的 为了进一步阐明脑电生物反馈治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的可能作用机制,探讨脑电生物反馈处理对ADHD动物模型自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的行为学和纹状体即早期基因fosB表达的影响.方法 SHR和对照的WKY大鼠分为处理组和未处理组,处理组给予脑电生物反馈处理,每次10 min处理20次后,利用开场试验验证SHR模型的行为学表现,并采用免疫组化方法对SHR和对照组大鼠的脑纹状体FosB蛋白表达进行研究.结果 与未处理组相比,SHR经脑电生物反馈处理后在开场实验中SHR穿越格子的次数(51.30 ± 19.84)较未处理组(75.80 ± 13.12)明显减少(P ＜ 0.01),而SHR处理组脑纹状体FosB蛋白阳性细胞平均吸光度表达(0.515 ± 0.017)较未处理组(0.168 ± 0.028)显著增加(P ＜ 0.01);WKY大鼠组脑电生物反馈处理前后,开场试验中穿越格子次数无差异(P ＞ 0.05),但fosB的表达也呈上调趋势(P ＜ 0.05).结论 脑电生物反馈处理可改善SHR多动行为及增加脑纹状体内即早期基因fosB的表达,影响神经可塑性,而其对ADHD的治疗作用可能机制之一就是通过该途径实现.%Objective To investigate the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) in childhood lupus nephritis (LN) , and the relationship of aPL with clinicopathological characteristics of LN. Methods The results of aPL tested and pathological data examined were retrospectively analyzed in 50 hospitalized children with LN consisting of 11 boys and 39 girls during Aug. 1997 to Dec. 2009. Results The mean age of 50 children with LN was 11.8 ± 2.1 years (range: 6.0 - 16.3 yrs). All children were tested for lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin (aCL), and 31/50 cases (62％) tested for anti-β2 glycoprotein Ⅰ (β2GPI) antibody. The positive rates of aPL, LA, aCL and antiβ2GPI antibody were 88.0％, 80.0％, 52.0％ and 67.7％, respectively. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of nephrotic proteinuria, macroscopic hematuria, hypertension and renal failure between aPL-positive and aPL-negative group (P＞ 0.05 for all). Forty-four children underwent renal biopsy. There was no significant difference in the distribution of ISN/RPS classification between the aPL-positive and negative children (P=0.322). LN class Ⅴ were just found in aPL-positive children. Glomerular microthrombosis were found in 9 out of 44 cases with renal biopsy,mostly aPL-positive (8 cases). The incidence of thrombocytopenia was higher in aPL-positive children than that in aPL-negative children (47.7％ vs. 33.3％, P= 0.674). Three children were complicated by thrombosis which occurred in two cases of them after the use of pulse methylprednisolone and central venous catheterization. The duration from the detection of positive aPL to the occurrence of thrombosis were 8 months and 32 months in two children, respectively.Conclusions There is a higher positive rate of aPL in childhood LN. No significant association is found between aPL and clinicopathological characteristics of LN. aPL is probably the major reason to induce glomerular microthrombosis.The pulse methylprednisolone and central venous catheterization can probably be the inducement of thrombosis.
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