农民和政府在社会主义新农村建设中的主体特征及作用研究

摘要

阐述了社会主义新农村建设主体的内涵、农民和政府的双重主体特征,指出社会主体应该是持有公共权力的国家,自然主体或实践主体则是在农村生产生活即支撑农村社会存在的农民.论述了新农村建设中双主体地位,其中政府是新农村建设中公共权力领域行使公权的主体,农民是新农村非公共权利领域行使私权的主体.概括和梳理了新农村建设中农民和政府双重主体的作用,剖析了政府和农民双重主体作用的关系:政府主导农村发展,在农村公共权力领域、社会大环境建设中,政府起主导和主体作用,农民是主要的参与者和建设者,并发挥着重要作用；在农村非公共权力领域的建设中,农民发挥主体作用,政府起引导和服务作用,政府和农民在新农村建设中协调一致,共同发挥作用,是建设好新农村的重要前提和保障.针对政府在履行新农村建设职责过程中存在着行政观念落后和农民在执行和推动新农村建设过程中存在着素质有待提高等问题,提出了转变观念、转变工作作风和发挥组织优势三大对策.%This paper expounds the connotation of main body of new socialist village construction, and the duplex main body characteristics of farmers and government. It points out that the main body of society should be the state holding public power, and the main body of nature or practice is the farmer who participates in production and living activities in rural areas and supports the existence of rural society. It also ex pounds the dominant position of duplex main body in new village construction, wherein the government is the main body which administers public power in the field of public power in new village construction, while the farmer is the main body who administers private rights in the field of non - public rights in new village construction. It generalizes and unravels the role of duplex main body of fanners and government in new village construction, and analyzes the relationship of role of duplex main body between government and fanners as follows: the government dominates o ver rural development, and the government, as main body, plays dominant role in the field of rural public power and construction of social envi ronment, while the farmers are main participators and constructors, who play significant role; in construction of rural non - public power field, the farmers play the role of main body, and the government plays the role of guidance and service. In new village construction, the government and farmers play the role abreast, which is an important prerequisite and guarantee of constructing new village. In the process of government' s fulfilling responsibility in new village construction, the outdated administrative concept exists, and in the process of administering and promoting new village construction, the fanners' quality is yet to be promoted. As for these problems, three countermeasures are put forward as follows; transform concept; transform style of work and transform and exert advantage of organization.