基于DPRISM概念框架的生态环境脆弱性评价——以岷江上游为例

摘要

针对目前生态环境脆弱性评价中存在的评价指标选取片面性、脆弱性动态变化研究薄弱的问题, 基于DPRISM概念框架选取22个指标构建评价指标体系, 定量研究岷江上游2000年-2014年生态环境脆弱性动态变化过程.结合岷江上游生态环境特点, 建立基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应-管理 (DPSIRM) 概念框架的生态环境脆弱性评价模型, 利用多源数据, 包括气象数据, 遥感数据, 基本地理数据, 社会经济数据, 计算出EVI (Ecological Vulnerability Index) 值, 并利用生态环境脆弱性综合指数及其变化率分析研究区生态环境脆弱性时空变化规律.结果表明:①2000年-2014年间研究区生态环境脆弱性呈西部向东部逐渐递减的空间分布特点;②三个时间段内脆弱性均以微度、轻度、中度为主, 面积比例分别为:84.15％、84.42％、87.13％;③三个时间段内, 研究区生态环境脆弱性综合指数变化率R均小于0, 表明研究区生态环境脆弱性值在逐年减小;④14年间, 岷江上游生态环境脆弱性呈逐步改善趋势, 但该趋势不明显, 还需长期坚持生态治理政策.%Aiming at the problem of one-sided indicators selection and weight determination existed in the evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability at present, we selected 22 indicators to build an evaluation index system quantitatively to research the condition of eco-environmental vulnerability of upper reaches of Minjiang river from 2000 to 2014. List the upper reaches of Minjiang river as an example, eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation model was built based on driving force-pressure-state-response-management (DPSIRM) conceptual framework combining its eco-environmental environment characteristics and then we calculated the EVI values by the use of multi-source date including meteorological data, remote sensing data, basic geographic data, social and economic data. Finally, analyzed the spatio-temporal variation rules of eco-environmental vulnerability applying comprehensive index of eco-environmental environment vulnerability and its change rate. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2014, the spatial distribution characteristics of study area's eco-environmental vulnerability showed a trend of decreasing from west to east. (2) Micro degrees, mild, moderate vulnerability became the most in three time periods, area ratio took 84.15％, 84.42％, 87.13％ each. (3) The eco-environmental vulnerability comprehensive index change rate R were all under zero of studied area in three time periods, indicating that eco-environmental vulnerability of study area decreased year by year. (4) The eco-environmental vulnerability of upper reaches of Minjiang river showed a slightly trend of improvement in 14 years, which also needs our insisting ecological management policy.