耳鸣患者的检查与评估

摘要

Tinnitus is a common otologic complaint and can severely affect quality of life in some patients. Appropri-ate diagnosis and evaluation of tinnitus can impact treatment outcomes. Tinnitus diagnosis involves determination of etiolo-gy, tinnitus testing, evaluation of tinnitus severity and identifying other factors that may contribute to tinnitus. Identification of the cause of tinnitus is first step. Comprehensive tinnitus evaluation includes a thorough history and physical examina-tion, timely hearing and tinnitus tests, appropriate laboratory and imaging studies, and use of tinnitus evaluation and other questionnaires when indicated. In addition to tinnitus and the auditory system, identifying systemic disorders that may con-tribute to tinnitus and consulting relevant specialists are also important steps in tinnitus evaluation.%耳鸣是耳科常见主诉，可以严重影响少数病人的生活。耳鸣的诊断与评估直接影响对耳鸣患者的治疗效果。耳鸣诊断包括寻找病因、测量耳鸣、评价耳鸣对患者影响的严重程度，以及确定有无影响患者耳鸣感受的其他因素，其中寻找和排除可能导致耳鸣的重要病因是第一位的。全面的耳鸣诊断应包括详尽和有针对性的病史采集和身体检查，及时的听力和耳鸣测试，合理的实验室以及影像学检查，以及必要的耳鸣问卷和其他辅助问卷的使用。除耳鸣本身和听觉系统疾患外，排除可能导致耳鸣的全身性疾病和及时寻求相关专科专家会诊也是耳鸣诊断的重要部分。