[1] School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibah-Jejawi-Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia;
[2] Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of AL-Qadisiya, AL-Qadisiya, Iraq;
[3] Centre for Low Carbon Transport in Cooperation with Imperial College London, Institute for Vehicle System Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia;