纳米结构非晶合金材料研究进展

摘要

Today's technologies are primarily based on crystalline materials (metals, semiconductors, etc.), for their properties can be controlled by changing their chemical and/or defect microstructures. This is not possible in today's glasses. The new features of nanostructured glasses consisting of nanometer-sized glassy regions connected by interfaces are that their properties may be controlled by changing their chemical and/or defect microstructures, and that their interfaces each have a new kind of non-crystalline structure. In this paper we mainly discuss the research progress of nanostructured metallic glasses, including their preparation methods, structure characteristics and new properties. By utilizing these new features, an era of new technologies based on non-crystalline materials (a"glass age") can be opened up.%迄今为止,人类社会新技术的发展主要是基于各种晶体材料(如金属、半导体等)的应用.晶体材料的性能可以通过改变它们的微观缺陷结构和/或微观化学结构来调控,但这对于当前的非晶材料而言却是难以实现的.新型的纳米结构非晶材料可以通过引入大量的非晶/非晶界面来改变非晶材料的微观缺陷结构和/或微观化学结构,从而实现对其性能的调控.本文主要讨论了目前纳米结构非晶合金材料的研究进展,包括其制备方法、结构特征和新性能.通过利用这些新特性,有可能会开启一个基于非晶材料的新技术时代.