钨铜射流成形的细观数值模拟分析

摘要

为研究钨铜复合材料聚能射流成形的细观机理及材料细观结构对射流成形的影响,基于随机投放原理编制了钨铜复合材料细观离散化模型生成程序,建立了不同两相配比及钨颗粒尺寸的钨铜药型罩细观离散化模型.应用动力学仿真AUTODYN-2D软件中的欧拉算法,对钨铜细观模型及其等效均质药型罩开展了聚能射流成形的细观尺度有限元数值模拟分析.研究结果表明,钨铜材料在爆炸载荷驱动下铜相与钨相速度有显著差异,钨颗粒含量沿射流尾部至头部分布不均匀,呈现依次递减的趋势.在一定钨颗粒尺寸下,射流中钨含量相对变化量随着原始药型罩中钨含量降低而增大,钨体积含量30％的钨铜材料形成射流中平均钨含量降低65％,其中头部钨含量下降达90％;在给定罩材两相配比时,射流中钨含量随着钨颗粒尺寸的增大而降低,高钨含量的钨铜射流成分分布不均匀性对颗粒尺寸的变化更加敏感.%A generation program of W-Cu meso-discrete model was developed to investigate the mesoscopic mechanism of tungsten-copper (W-Cu) shaped charge jet formation and the effect of microstructure of W-Cu composites on the jet characteristics.The discrete models of W-Cu liner with different ratios of two phases and various diameters of tungsten particles were successfully established.The multiscale finite element numerical simulations are carried out on the particle-matrix materials and the referenced equivalent homogeneous material by using AUTODYN-2D Euler solver.The results show that the average velocity of Cu phase is much higher than that of W,leading to a phase segregation and composition gradient in W-Cu jet during its forming process.The content of Cu is higher in the jet tip compared with the liner material while the W particles mainly concentrate in the slug.For the W particles with same size,the relative change amount of W content in the jet increases with the decrease in W content in the original materials.For the same component content,the W content in jet decreases with the growth in the diameters of tungsten particles.The composition gradient is more sensitive to the size of W particle in jet with higher W content.