摘要：
对生物体形成干酪根过程、页岩干酪根生成油气机理、页岩有机质孔隙演化特征、有机质孔隙内气水分布特征进行了综述和评论.认为生物化学生气阶段通过细菌作用、缩聚作用形成干酪根,因干酪根月旨族C-H键释放而形成脂族分子间孔;热催化生油气阶段通过热解聚作用形成沥青质、液态烃及剩余干酪根,此阶段沥青大量裂解为液态烃而形成边缘油孔(液化孔);热裂解生凝析气阶段,液态烃裂解为湿气,有机质孔隙以边缘(或内部)气孔为主;深部高温生气阶段转化为干气,此过程干酪根芳族C-H键释放,有机质孔隙以芳族分子间孔、气孔为主.同时,页岩干酪根热演化各阶段有机质孔隙内均有水的参与,表现出固-液界面作用.此工作以期为我国页岩气进一步勘探开发提供理论依据,也对页岩气产气规律的认识具有指导意义.%Now problems of shale gas development reveal that organic matter diagenesis,hydrocarbon generation process of kerogen,characteristics of methane and water occurrence in organic pores are all with complexities,which will seriously affect the desorption and production laws of shale gas.But existing research is shortage in these aspects,such as:the product characteristics of each thermal evolution stage of shale organic matter,the mechanism of hydrocarbon generation,organic pores type as well as formation mechanism.Besides,the occurrence modes of methane and water in organic pores are controversial,so further research is necessary.Literature reviews on process of kerogen formation,generation mechanism of oil/gas in shale kerogen,evolution characteristics of pores in organic matter and water distribution characteristics in pores of organic matter are conducted.During the biochemistry stage,kerogen is generated by bacterial action and condensation polymerization.Because the C-H bonds of aliphatics in kerogen release,aliphatic-intermolecular pores occur.During the thermo-catalysis stage,asphaltenes,liquid hydrocarbon and residual kerogen are generated by thermal-depolymerization,and cracking of asphalt turn out to be liquid hydrocarbon,so the marginal-oil pores (liquefied pores) form.During the thermo-cracking stage,liquid hydrocarbon crack into wet gas,and major pores in organic matter are marginal (or intemal)-gas pores.During the deep high temperature stage,hydrocarbon transform into dry gas,owing to the release of C-H bonds in kerogen aromatics,pores in organic matter mainly include intermolecular pores in aromatic and gas pores.In addition,it is water that is involved in the pores of organic matter during each thermal evolution stage of shale kerogen,which shows a solid-liquid interface effect.As a theoretical basis on exploration and development of shale gas,it is valuable to obtain better understanding on production discipline of shale gas.
