The Sensitivity of Embryos of the Pacific Oyster 'Crassostrea gigas' to Different Chemical Forms of Copper.

摘要

The effects of copper on the development of Crassostrea gigas embryos were determined with a 48-h static bioassay. In filtered, sterilized seawater from Bodega Bay, California, the LC100 occurred at 20 micrograms copper/L (micrograms of copper per liter), and the LC50 occurred at 12 micrograms copper/L. Destruction of the naturally occurring dissolved organic material in the culture water by UV oxidation reduced survival at 10 micrograms copper/L. The addition to seawater of any of five organic chelators--ethylene-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, glycine, and oxalate--at approximately 1 x 10 to the minus 6th power M, and humic matter at 2 mg/L increased embryo survival. EDTA and humic matter were the most effective chelators; EDTA significantly increased survival at 100 micrograms copper/L and humic matter at 40 micrograms copper/L. The ability of a chelator to increase survival was related to the stability constant of the copper-chelator complex.