Simulating fullerene ball bearings of ultra-low friction

摘要

We report the direct molecular dynamics simulations for molecular ball bearings composed of fullerene molecules (C_(60) and C_(20)) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The comparison of friction levels indicates that fullerene ball bearings have extremely low friction (with minimal frictional forces of 5.283 x 10~(-7) and 6.768 x 10~(-7) nN/atom for C_(60) and C_(20) bearings) and energy dissipation (lowest dissipation per cycle of 0.013 and 0.016 meV/atom for C_(60) and C_(20) bearings). A single fullerene inside the ball bearings exhibits various motion statuses of mixed translation and rotation. The influences of the shaft's distortion on the long-ranged potential energy and normal force are discussed. The phonic dissipation mechanism leads to a non-monotonic function between the friction and the load rate for the molecular bearings.