The theoretical fundamentals of forming of the most productive stands.

摘要

A study was conducted to: investigate thoroughly the intra- and interspecific regularities of the interaction between trees in the process of creation of ecosystem and formation of natural stands or plantations; perceive the factors crucially after penetration and utilization of solar energy in storey, differentiation of trees, their increment and stand productivity; and create a common theory of forming the most productive forest on this basis to prepare the standards for thinning and intermediate fellings in the stands of the main tree species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula and Populus tremula) and their combinations. Results showed that the productivity of the stand of the main species in given soil capacity is conditioned by the quantity of solar energy penetrating into the stand, the effectiveness of its use in trees and storeys, by the quality (class) and productivity of trees forming the stand, by its optimal number and their distribution on an area unit. The more the surface of a storey resembles the stairs, solar energy has a greater possibility of penetrating into the stand. The most productive trees use the solar energy most effectively for the increment of wood. The most significant productivity of stands is achieved in case the stocking of a storey is maximal wherein the trees are more productive and the distance between them is optimal. Tree prototype models of the most productive stands are presented as well as the standards of their formation by intermediate fellings. It was ascertained that at a certain interval of stand age and thinning intensities, the increment of thinned stands exceeds that of stands where thinnings have not yet been applied. With increasing stand age, the feasibility to enlarge stand increment by regulating density is more seldom noted because stocking augments, up to which it is feasible to thin stands without diminishing their increment, compared to the increment of stands where thinnings have not yet been applied..